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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HarperDB vs. RethinkDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HarperDB vs. RethinkDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.DBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score0.55
Rank#248  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score2.74
Rank#105  Overall
#19  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.harperdb.iorethinkdb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.harperdb.io/­docsrethinkdb.com/­docs
Developer4D, IncGoogleHarperDBThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017
Initial release1984201720172009
Current releasev20, April 20233.1, August 20212.4.1, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infofree community edition availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageNode.jsC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesdynamic schemaschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON data typesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometry
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like data manipulation statementsno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoCustom Functions infosince release 3.1
TriggersyesnonoClient-side triggers through changefeeds
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clusterSharding inforange based
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definedSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationAtomic execution of specific operationsAtomic single-document operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCC based
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, using LMDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and rolesyes infousers and table-level permissions

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud SpannerHarperDBRethinkDB
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