DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. OpenSearch vs. RavenDB vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. OpenSearch vs. RavenDB vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

A distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch and based on Apache Lucene

Open Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document Database

A complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	4.47
Rank	#76	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	16.36
Rank	#37	Overall
	#4	Search engines

Score	2.92
Rank	#101	Overall
	#18	Document stores

Score	1.83
Rank	#139	Overall
	#13	Graph DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

cloud.google.com/datastore

github.com/opensearch-project
opensearch.org

ravendb.net

www.tigergraph.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

opensearch.org/docs/latest

ravendb.net/docs

docs.tigergraph.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Google

Amazon Web Services

Hibernating Rhinos

Initial release

1984

2008

2021

2010

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.5.0, January 2023

5.4, July 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

AGPL version 3, commercial license available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Aiven for OpenSearch: Fully managed open source search and analytics suite. Out-of-the-box integrations get you up and running in a couple of clicks.
STACKIT OpenSearch offers OpenSearch in a managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant, for a wide range of applications like analytics, website search, offering scalability and fast data access.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, details here

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language (GQL)

SQL-like query language

SQL-like query language (RQL)

SQL-like query language (GSQL)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API

GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Elasticsearch client

.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

using Google App Engine

yes

Triggers

yes

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication using Paxos

yes

Multi-source replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID, Cluster-wide transaction available

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Authorization levels configured per client per database

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

OpenSearch is a highly scalable and extensible open-source software suite for search,...
» more

Competitive advantages

Distributed as fully open source under Apache License, Version 2.0 (ALv2), OpenSearch...
» more

Typical application scenarios

The OpenSearch platform is used across a broad range of search , analytics, and observability...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

The OpenSearch Project offers open source software licensed under Apache License...
» more

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