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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedWide column storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score4.48
Rank#75  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­datastoreazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tableswww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
Developer4D, IncGoogleMicrosoftMicrosoftOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release19842008201920121998
Current releasev20, April 2023cloud service with continuous releases11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedhostedhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, details hereyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexednoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query language (GQL)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesusing Google App EngineYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RnoPL/SQL
TriggersyesCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using Paxosyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud DataflowSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactionsnooptimistic lockingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud DatastoreMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft Azure Table StorageTimesTen
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