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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. MarkLogic vs. RDF4J vs. Teradata Aster

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. MarkLogic vs. RDF4J vs. Teradata Aster

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata Aster  Xexclude from comparison
Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Platform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and types
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
RDF storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­datastorewww.marklogic.comrdf4j.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsdocs.marklogic.comrdf4j.org/­documentation
Developer4D, IncGoogleMarkLogic Corp.Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Teradata
Initial release19842008200120042005
Current releasev20, April 202311.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes infoRDF SchemasFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) infodefined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Store
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, details hereyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesyes infoin Aster File Store
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query language (GQL)yes infoSQL92noyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
PHP
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesusing Google App Engineyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptyesR packages
TriggersyesCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using Paxosyesnoneyes infoDimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnoyes infoSQL Map-Reduce Framework
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes, with Range Indexesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud DatastoreMarkLogicRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameTeradata Aster
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