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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Manticore Search vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Manticore Search vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonManticore Search  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformMulti-storage database for search, including full-text search.A Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeSearch engineWide column storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsTime Series DBMS infousing the Manticore Columnar LibrarySpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score0.29
Rank#302  Overall
#21  Search engines
Score4.04
Rank#77  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­datastoremanticoresearch.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tablesvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsmanual.manticoresearch.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Developer4D, IncGoogleManticore SoftwareMicrosoftOpenLink Software
Initial release19842008201720121998
Current releasev20, April 20236.0, February 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL version 2commercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Windows
hostedAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schemaschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, details hereInt, Bigint, Float, Timestamp, Bit, Int array, Bigint array, JSON, Booleanyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoCan index from XMLnoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infofull-text index on all search fieldsnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query language (GQL)SQL-like query languagenoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Binary API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP/SQL API
SQL over MySQL
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesusing Google App Engineuser defined functionsnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersyesCallbacks using the Google Apps Enginenonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoPartitioning is done manually, search queries against distributed index is supportedSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using PaxosSynchronous replication based on Galera libraryyes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactionsyes infoisolated transactions for atomic changes and binary logging for safe writesoptimistic lockingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoThe original contents of fields are not stored in the Manticore index.yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud DatastoreManticore SearchMicrosoft Azure Table StorageVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud DatastoreManticore SearchMicrosoft Azure Table StorageVirtuoso
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