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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.A Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Wide column storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score4.48
Rank#75  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­datastorewww.ontotext.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tableswww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
Developer4D, IncGoogleOntotextMicrosoftOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release19842008200020121998
Current releasev20, April 202310.4, October 202311 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, details hereyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query language (GQL)stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnoyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
RESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesusing Google App Enginewell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilitynoPL/SQL
TriggersyesCallbacks using the Google Apps Enginenonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using PaxosMulti-source replicationyes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyes infoConstraint checkingnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDoptimistic lockingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Access rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud DatastoreGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure Table StorageTimesTen
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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