DBMS > 4D vs. Google BigQuery vs. MonetDB vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google BigQuery vs. MonetDB vs. TigerGraph

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

A relational database management system that stores data in columns

A complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	58.10
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	1.72
Rank	#141	Overall
	#64	Relational DBMS

Score	1.80
Rank	#138	Overall
	#13	Graph DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.monetdb.org

www.tigergraph.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

www.monetdb.org/Documentation

docs.tigergraph.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Google

MonetDB BV

Initial release

1984

2010

2004

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

Dec2023 (11.49), December 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Mozilla Public License 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL 2003 with some extensions

SQL-like query language (GSQL)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
native C library

MAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC

GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

C++
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

in JavaScript

yes, in SQL, C, R

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding via remote tables

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

Source-replica replication available in experimental status

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

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