DBMS > 4D vs. Google BigQuery vs. Kuzu vs. Riak TS vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google BigQuery vs. Kuzu vs. Riak TS vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

An embeddable property Graph DBMS built for query speed and scalability

Riak TS is a distributed NoSQL database optimized for time series data and based on Riak KV

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	58.10
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#402	Overall
	#41	Graph DBMS

Score	0.28
Rank	#307	Overall
	#27	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

cloud.google.com/bigquery

kuzudb.com

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

docs.kuzudb.com

www.tiot.jp/riak-docs/riak/ts/latest

Developer

4D, Inc

Google

Open Source, formerly Basho Technologies

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

2010

2022

2015

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

0.4.2, May 2024

3.0.0, September 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MIT license

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Erlang

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

server-less

Linux
OS X

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

yes, limited

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

CLI Client
Cypher Query Language

HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Python
Rust

unofficial client library
C#
C++

unofficial client library
Clojure

unofficial client library
Dart

unofficial client library
Erlang
Go

unofficial client library
Groovy

unofficial client library
Haskell

unofficial client library
Java
JavaScript

unofficial client library
Lisp

unofficial client library
Perl

unofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

unofficial client library
Smalltalk

unofficial client library

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

in JavaScript

Erlang

Triggers

yes

pre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

selectable replication factor

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

links between datasets can be stored

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.