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DBMS > 4D vs. eXtremeDB vs. Firebird vs. Google Cloud Spanner

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. eXtremeDB vs. Firebird vs. Google Cloud Spanner

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisoneXtremeDB  Xexclude from comparisonFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemNatively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clusteringFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.37
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.79
Rank#212  Overall
#100  Relational DBMS
#18  Time Series DBMS
Score19.46
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.mcobject.comwww.firebirdsql.orgcloud.google.com/­spanner
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.mcobject.com/­docs/­extremedb.htmwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docs
Developer4D, IncMcObjectFirebird FoundationGoogle
Initial release198420012000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase2017
Current releasev20, April 20238.2, 20215.0.1, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public Licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC and C++C and C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesno infosupport of XML interfaces availableno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infowith the option: eXtremeSQLyesyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesPSQLno
Triggersyesyes infoby defining eventsyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning / shardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationActive Replication Fabricâ„¢ for IoT
Multi-source replication infoby means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication infoby means of eXtremeDB High Availability option
Source-replica replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflow
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolation
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoOptimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies availableyes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensioneXtremeDBFirebirdGoogle Cloud Spanner
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