DBMS > 4D vs. Drizzle vs. DuckDB vs. Stardog vs. TempoIQ

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Drizzle vs. DuckDB vs. Stardog vs. TempoIQ

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Drizzle has published its last release in September 2012. The open-source project is discontinued and Drizzle is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.

TempoIQ seems to be decommissioned. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

MySQL fork with a pluggable micro-kernel and with an emphasis of performance over compatibility.

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Scalable analytics DBMS for sensor data, provided as a service (SaaS)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

www.4d.com

duckdb.org

www.stardog.com

tempoiq.com (offline)

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

duckdb.org/docs

docs.stardog.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Drizzle project, originally started by Brian Aker

Stardog-Union

TempoIQ

Initial release

1984

2008

2018

2010

2012

Current release

v20, April 2023

7.2.4, September 2012

1.0.0, June 2024

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

GNU GPL

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X

server-less

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

HTTP API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C++
Java
PHP

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

C#
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

hooks for callbacks inside the server can be used.

yes

via event handlers

yes

Realtime Alerts

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Pluggable authentication mechanisms

e.g. LDAP, HTTP

Access rights for users and roles

simple authentication-based access control

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More resources

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