DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Memgraph vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Memgraph vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4j

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	3.02
Rank	#98	Overall
	#8	Graph DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

dgraph.io

memgraph.com

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

dgraph.io/docs

memgraph.com/docs

Social network pages

Developer

4D, Inc

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Memgraph Ltd

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

2016

2017

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition available

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

schema-free and schema-optional

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

Sharding

dynamic graph partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

with snapshot isolation

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Planned for future releases

Users, roles and permissions

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Memgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
» more

Competitive advantages

Business Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Graph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

You can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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20 October 2021, The Recursive

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