DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Ingres vs. JSqlDb vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Ingres vs. JSqlDb vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

JSqlDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Well established RDBMS

JavaScript Query Language Database, stores JavaScript objects and primitives

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Object oriented DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	121.33
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

dgraph.io

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

jsqldb.org (offline)

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

dgraph.io/docs

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Actian Corporation

Konrad von Backstrom

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

1984

2016

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2018

2014

Current release

v20, April 2023

11.2, May 2022

0.8, December 2018

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

JavaScript

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

functions in JavaScript

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

Ingres Replicator

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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