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DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. mSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. mSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonmSQL infoMini SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.mSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.37
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.39
Rank#155  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score1.26
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comdgraph.iocloud.google.com/­spannerhughestech.com.au/­products/­msql
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docs
Developer4D, IncDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleHughes Technologies
Initial release1984201620171994
Current releasev20, April 20234.4, October 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial infofree licenses can be provided
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented infono subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggers
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonono
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)no

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDgraphGoogle Cloud SpannermSQL infoMini SQL
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