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DBMS > 4D vs. Datomic vs. TimesTen vs. Trino vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Datomic vs. TimesTen vs. Trino vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonTrino  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleFast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQLTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score5.00
Rank#66  Overall
#36  Relational DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.datomic.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmltrino.iotypedb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.datomic.comdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1trino.io/­broadcast
trino.io/­docs/­current
typedb.com/­docs
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHub
Developer4D, IncCognitectOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005Trino Software FoundationVaticle
Initial release1984201219982012 info2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL2016
Current releasev20, April 20231.0.6735, June 202311 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)2.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infolimited edition freecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureJavaJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Linux
macOS infofor devlopment
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesdepending on connected data-sourceyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Clojure
Java
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoTransaction FunctionsPL/SQLyes, depending on connected data-sourceno
TriggersyesBy using transaction functionsnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnonedepending on connected data-sourceSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
depending on connected data-sourceMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationdepending on connected data-sourceImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnono infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDdepending on connected data-sourceACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsdepending on connected data-sourceyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardSQL standard access controlyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDatomicTimesTenTrinoTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsTrino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
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Typical application scenariosPerformant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
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Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
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Key customersTrino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
» more
Market metrics33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTrino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more
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