DBMS > 4D vs. Datomic vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. NSDb

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Datomic vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. NSDb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

In-memory JavaScript DBMS

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

Scalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.66
Rank	#144	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	0.49
Rank	#260	Overall
	#42	Document stores

Score	19.93
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Score	0.08
Rank	#369	Overall
	#40	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.datomic.com

github.com/techfort/LokiJS

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

nsdb.io

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.datomic.com

techfort.github.io/LokiJS

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

nsdb.io/Architecture

Developer

4D, Inc

Cognitect

Microsoft

Initial release

1984

2012

2014

2016

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.0.7075, December 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

JavaScript

C++

Java, Scala

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

hosted

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes: int, bigint, decimal, string

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API

JavaScript API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
Java

JavaScript

C#
Java
PHP

Java
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

View functions in JavaScript

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a single collection possible

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

Serialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.

yes

Using Apache Lucene

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript
1 December 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

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