DBMS > 4D vs. Datomic vs. H2 vs. ObjectBox vs. YDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Datomic vs. H2 vs. ObjectBox vs. YDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Lightweight, fast on-device database for IoT, Mobile and Embedded devices, persisting and synchronising objects and vectors

A distributed fault-tolerant database service, with high availability, scalability, immediate consistency and ACID transactions and providing an Amazon DynamoDB compatible API

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Object oriented DBMS
Vector DBMS

Document store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.55
Rank	#144	Overall
	#67	Relational DBMS

Score	7.57
Rank	#47	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	1.08
Rank	#179	Overall
	#6	Object oriented DBMS
	#9	Vector DBMS

Score	0.39
Rank	#269	Overall
	#43	Document stores
	#126	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.datomic.com

www.h2database.com

github.com/objectbox
objectbox.io

github.com/ydb-platform/ydb
ydb.tech

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.datomic.com

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.objectbox.io

ydb.tech/en/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Cognitect

Thomas Mueller

ObjectBox Limited

Yandex

Initial release

1984

2012

2005

2017

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.0.7180, July 2024

2.2.220, July 2023

4.0 (May 2024)

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Bindings are released under Apache 2.0

Apache License 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0; commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Android
Any POSIX system
Docker
iOS
Linux
macOS
QNX
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, plus "flex" map-like types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-like query language (YQL)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

Proprietary native API

RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
Java

Java

C
C++
Dart (Flutter)
Go
Java
Kotlin
Python
Swift

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Data sync between devices allowing occasional connected databases to work completely offline

Active-passive shard replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

Access rights defined for Yandex Cloud users

More information provided by the system vendor

News

MongoDB Realm & Device Sync alternatives – ObjectBox
17 September 2024

Local AI – what it is and why we need it
11 September 2024

First on-device Vector Database (aka Semantic Index) for iOS
24 July 2024

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) with vector databases: Expanding AI Capabilities
18 June 2024

The on-device Vector Database for Android and Java
29 May 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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