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DBMS > 4D vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Postgres-XL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Postgres-XL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score0.49
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­datastorewww.postgres-xl.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docswww.postgres-xl.org/­documentation
Developer4D, IncCognitectGoogle
Initial release1984201220082014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB
Current releasev20, April 20231.0.6735, June 202310 R1, October 2018
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infolimited edition freecommercialOpen Source infoMozilla public license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes, details hereyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionality
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noSQL-like query language (GQL)yes infodistributed, parallel query execution
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Clojure
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoTransaction Functionsusing Google App Engineuser defined functions
TriggersyesBy using transaction functionsCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardinghorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersMulti-source replication using Paxos
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACID infoMVCC
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDatomicGoogle Cloud DatastorePostgres-XL
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