DBMS > 4D vs. Datomic vs. EXASOL vs. HyperSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Datomic vs. EXASOL vs. HyperSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

High-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.55
Rank	#144	Overall
	#67	Relational DBMS

Score	1.66
Rank	#138	Overall
	#64	Relational DBMS

Score	3.14
Rank	#85	Overall
	#46	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.datomic.com

www.exasol.com/resources

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Cognitect

Exasol

Initial release

1984

2012

2000

2001

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.0.7180, July 2024

2.7.2, June 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

Open Source

based on BSD license

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API

.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
Java

Java
Lua
Python
R

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

user defined functions

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

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