DBMS > 4D vs. Datomic vs. DuckDB vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Datomic vs. DuckDB vs. Trafodion

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.59
Rank	#150	Overall
	#69	Relational DBMS

Score	4.57
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.datomic.com

duckdb.org/docs

trafodion.apache.org/documentation.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Cognitect

Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP

Initial release

1984

2012

2018

2014

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.0.6735, June 2023

0.10, February 2024

2.3.0, February 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

C++

C++, Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

server-less

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
Java

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

Java Stored Procedures

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

none

yes, via HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via user defined functions and HBase

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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