DBMS > 4D vs. Cubrid vs. Snowflake vs. TimesTen vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cubrid vs. Snowflake vs. TimesTen vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

CUBRID is an open-source SQL-based relational database management system with object extensions for OLTP

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

TypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS

Often described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.

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Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.20
Rank	#169	Overall
	#78	Relational DBMS

Score	121.33
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Score	1.31
Rank	#163	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Score	0.65
Rank	#234	Overall
	#20	Graph DBMS
	#107	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

cubrid.com (korean)
cubrid.org (english)

www.snowflake.com

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

typedb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

cubrid.org/manuals

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

typedb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

CUBRID Corporation, CUBRID Foundation

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Vaticle

Initial release

1984

2008

2014

1998

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

11.0, January 2021

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

2.26.3, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

GPL Version 3, commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, C++, Java

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures

user defined functions

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

none

Sharding

by using Cassandra

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

by using Cassandra

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

by using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

substituted by the relationship feature

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

at REST API level; other APIs in progress

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Licensing and pricing models

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