DBMS > 4D vs. Cubrid vs. Dgraph vs. mSQL vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cubrid vs. Dgraph vs. mSQL vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

CUBRID is an open-source SQL-based relational database management system with object extensions for OLTP

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

mSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMS

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.20
Rank	#169	Overall
	#78	Relational DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	1.27
Rank	#167	Overall
	#77	Relational DBMS

Score	121.33
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

cubrid.com (korean)
cubrid.org (english)

dgraph.io

hughestech.com.au/products/msql

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

cubrid.org/manuals

dgraph.io/docs

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

CUBRID Corporation, CUBRID Foundation

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Hughes Technologies

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

1984

2008

2016

1994

2014

Current release

v20, April 2023

11.0, January 2021

4.4, October 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

free licenses can be provided

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, C++, Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

no subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggers

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

none

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Planned for future releases

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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