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DBMS > 4D vs. Cubrid vs. Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. mSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cubrid vs. Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. mSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCubrid  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonmSQL infoMini SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemCUBRID is an open-source SQL-based relational database management system with object extensions for OLTPDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformmSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.20
Rank#169  Overall
#78  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score1.27
Rank#167  Overall
#77  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcubrid.com (korean)
cubrid.org (english)
dgraph.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerhughestech.com.au/­products/­msql
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcubrid.org/­manualsdgraph.io/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
Developer4D, IncCUBRID Corporation, CUBRID FoundationDgraph Labs, Inc.MicrosoftHughes Technologies
Initial release19842008201620191994
Current releasev20, April 202311.0, January 2021cloud service with continuous releases4.4, October 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial infofree licenses can be provided
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC, C++, JavaGoC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented infono subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggers
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava Stored ProceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersyesyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneyesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replicationSynchronous replication via Raftyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
none
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoPlanned for future releasesAzure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCubridDgraphMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorermSQL infoMini SQL
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