DBMS > 4D vs. Cubrid vs. Dgraph vs. Firebird vs. mSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cubrid vs. Dgraph vs. Firebird vs. mSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

CUBRID is an open-source SQL-based relational database management system with object extensions for OLTP

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Firebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBase

mSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.20
Rank	#169	Overall
	#78	Relational DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	20.82
Rank	#30	Overall
	#18	Relational DBMS

Score	1.27
Rank	#167	Overall
	#77	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

cubrid.com (korean)
cubrid.org (english)

dgraph.io

www.firebirdsql.org

hughestech.com.au/products/msql

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

cubrid.org/manuals

dgraph.io/docs

www.firebirdsql.org/en/reference-manuals

Developer

4D, Inc

CUBRID Corporation, CUBRID Foundation

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Firebird Foundation

Hughes Technologies

Initial release

1984

2008

2016

2000

As fork of Borland's InterBase

1994

Current release

v20, April 2023

11.0, January 2021

5.0.0, January 2024

4.4, October 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Initial Developer's Public License

commercial

free licenses can be provided

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, C++, Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less

Firebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

no subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggers

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC

Jaybird
ODBC
OLE DB

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures

PSQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Features a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writers

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Planned for future releases

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

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More resources

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