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DBMS > 4D vs. Coveo vs. H2 vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Coveo vs. H2 vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCoveo  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAI-powered hosted search, recommendation and personalization platform providing tools for both low-code and full-code developmentFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.28
Rank#114  Overall
#11  Search engines
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comwww.coveo.comwww.h2database.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.coveo.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.xtdb.com/­docs
Developer4D, IncCoveoThomas MuellerJuxt Ltd.
Initial release1984201220052019
Current releasev20, April 20232.2.220, July 20231.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaClojure
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyeshybrid - fields need to be configured prior to indexing, but relationships can be exploited at query time without pre-configurationyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyeslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
JavaClojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsno
Triggersyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsgranular access controls, API key management, content filtersfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCoveoH2XTDB infoformerly named Crux
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