DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. PouchDB vs. ToroDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. PouchDB vs. ToroDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

JavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDB

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	2.28
Rank	#115	Overall
	#21	Document stores

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.4d.com

www.cockroachlabs.com

pouchdb.com

github.com/torodb/server

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

pouchdb.com/guides

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Cockroach Labs

Apache Software Foundation

8Kdata

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1984

2015

2012

2016

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

23.1.1, May 2023

7.1.1, June 2019

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

All OS with a Java 7 VM

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC

HTTP REST

only for PouchDB Server
JavaScript API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

JavaScript

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

View functions in JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

with a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-lounge

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Multi-source replication

also with CouchDB databases
Source-replica replication

also with CouchDB databases

Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backend

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Role-based access control

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

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Related products and services

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript
1 December 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

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Recent citations in the news

Cockroach Labs Deepens Partnership with Google Cloud, CockroachDB Selected to Join Google Distributed Cloud
9 April 2024, PR Newswire

DoorDash Uses CockroachDB to Create Config Management Platform for Microservices
14 February 2024, InfoQ.com

How to Unlock Real-Time Data Streams with CockroachDB and Amazon MSK | Amazon Web Services
6 November 2023, AWS Blog

CockroachDB tempts legacy databases to crawl into the cloud age
29 January 2024, The Register

How DoorDash Migrated from Aurora Postgres to CockroachDB
5 December 2023, The New Stack

provided by Google News

Building an Offline First App with PouchDB — SitePoint
10 March 2014, SitePoint

Getting Started with PouchDB Client-Side JavaScript Database — SitePoint
7 September 2016, SitePoint

3 Reasons To Think Offline First
22 March 2017, ibm.com

Create Offline Web Apps Using Service Workers & PouchDB — SitePoint
7 March 2017, SitePoint

Offline-first web and mobile apps: Top frameworks and components
22 January 2019, TechBeacon

provided by Google News

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