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DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. H2 vs. ObjectBox vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. H2 vs. ObjectBox vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonObjectBox  Xexclude from comparisonVoltDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Lightweight, fast on-device database for IoT, Mobile and Embedded devices, persisting and synchronising objects and vectorsDistributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS infoUsed for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSObject oriented DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSTime Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score1.29
Rank#166  Overall
#5  Object oriented DBMS
#7  Vector DBMS
Score1.47
Rank#157  Overall
#73  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.comwww.h2database.comgithub.com/­objectbox
objectbox.io
www.voltdb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.objectbox.iodocs.voltdb.com
Developer4D, IncCockroach LabsThomas MuellerObjectBox LimitedVoltDB Inc.
Initial release19842015200520172010
Current releasev20, April 202324.1.0, May 20242.2.220, July 20234.0 (May 2024)11.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Bindings are released under Apache 2.0 infoApache License 2.0Open Source infoAGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaC and C++Java, C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAndroid
Any POSIX system
Docker
iOS
Linux
macOS
QNX
Windows
Linux
OS X infofor development
Data schemeyesdynamic schemayesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes, plus "flex" map-like typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyesnoyes infoonly a subset of SQL 99
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCJDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native APIJava API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
JavaC
C++
Dart (Flutter)
Go
Java
Kotlin
Python
Swift
C#
C++
Erlang infonot officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsnoJava
Triggersyesnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTnonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using RAFTWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseData sync between devices allowing occasional connected databases to work completely offlineMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyesno infoFOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID infoTransactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes infoData access is serialized by the server
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoSnapshots and command logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesUsers and roles with access to stored procedures
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCockroachDBH2ObjectBoxVoltDB
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