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DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. VoltDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonVoltDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformDistributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS infoUsed for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score1.47
Rank#157  Overall
#73  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.comcloud.google.com/­datastorewww.voltdb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docscloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsdocs.voltdb.com
Developer4D, IncCockroach LabsGoogleVoltDB Inc.
Initial release1984201520082010
Current releasev20, April 202324.1.0, May 202411.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJava, C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X infofor development
Data schemeyesdynamic schemaschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes, details hereyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLSQL-like query language (GQL)yes infoonly a subset of SQL 99
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Erlang infonot officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnousing Google App EngineJava
TriggersyesnoCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using RAFTMulti-source replication using PaxosMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsno infoFOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACID infoTransactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoData access is serialized by the server
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSnapshots and command logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Users and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCockroachDBGoogle Cloud DatastoreVoltDB
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