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DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Fauna vs. Pinecone vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Fauna vs. Pinecone vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonFauna infopreviously named FaunaDB  Xexclude from comparisonPinecone  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Fauna provides a web-native interface, with support for GraphQL and custom business logic that integrates seamlessly with the rest of the serverless ecosystem. The underlying globally distributed storage and compute platform is fast, consistent, and reliable, with a modern security infrastructure.A managed, cloud-native vector databaseA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score1.52
Rank#153  Overall
#26  Document stores
#14  Graph DBMS
#71  Relational DBMS
#13  Time Series DBMS
Score3.16
Rank#95  Overall
#2  Vector DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.comfauna.comwww.pinecone.iogithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsdocs.fauna.comdocs.pinecone.io/­docs/­overview
Developer4D, IncCockroach LabsFauna, Inc.Pinecone Systems, Inc8Kdata
Initial release19842015201420192016
Current releasev20, April 202323.1.1, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoScalaJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
hostedhostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesdynamic schemaschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoString, Number, Booleanyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLnono
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCRESTful HTTP APIRESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Scala
Swift
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnouser defined functions
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFThorizontal partitioning infoconsistent hashingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using RAFTMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlIdentity management, authentication, and access controlAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCockroachDBFauna infopreviously named FaunaDBPineconeToroDB
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