DBMS > 4D vs. ClickHouse vs. Ingres vs. OpenTSDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. ClickHouse vs. Ingres vs. OpenTSDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.

Well established RDBMS

Scalable Time Series DBMS based on HBase

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	15.55
Rank	#38	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	3.80
Rank	#82	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	1.68
Rank	#142	Overall
	#12	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

clickhouse.com

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

opentsdb.net

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

clickhouse.com/docs

docs.actian.com/ingres

opentsdb.net/docs/build/html/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Clickhouse Inc.

Actian Corporation

currently maintained by Yahoo and other contributors

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

2016

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2011

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

v24.4.1.2088-stable, May 2024

11.2, May 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

LGPL

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ClickHouse Cloud: Get the performance you love from open source ClickHouse in a serverless offering that takes care of the details so you can spend more time getting insight out of the fastest database on earth.
DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.
Aiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

numeric data for metrics, strings for tags

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

HTTP API
Telnet API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

3rd party library
C++
Elixir

3rd party library
Go

3rd party library
Java

3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party library
Kotlin

3rd party library
Nim

3rd party library
Perl

3rd party library
PHP

3rd party library
Python

3rd party library
R

3rd party library
Ruby

3rd party library
Rust
Scala

3rd party library

Erlang
Go
Java
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

key based and custom

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding

based on HBase

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.

Ingres Replicator

selectable replication factor

based on HBase

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

based on HBase

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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