DBMS > 4D vs. Citus vs. Pinecone vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Citus vs. Pinecone vs. TerminusDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

A managed, cloud-native vector database

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Vector DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.13
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	3.02
Rank	#87	Overall
	#3	Vector DBMS

Score	0.19
Rank	#311	Overall
	#27	Graph DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.citusdata.com

docs.pinecone.io/docs/overview

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

Developer

4D, Inc

Pinecone Systems, Inc

DataChemist Ltd.

Initial release

1984

2010

2019

2018

Current release

v20, April 2023

8.1, December 2018

11.0.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

commercial

Open Source

GPL V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Prolog, Rust

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

hosted

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

String, Number, Boolean

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

RESTful HTTP API

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Python

JavaScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Graph Partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Journaling Streams

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory journaling

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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Vector databases
2 June 2023, Matthias Gelbmann

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Recent citations in the news

Microsoft acquires Citus Data, re-affirming its commitment to Open Source and accelerating Azure PostgreSQL performance and scale
24 January 2019, Microsoft

Ubicloud wants to build an open source alternative to AWS
5 March 2024, TechCrunch

Microsoft acquires Citus Data, creators of a cloud-friendly version of the PostgreSQL database
24 January 2019, GeekWire

Microsoft buys an open source database startup to give it an edge against Amazon Web Services
24 January 2019, Business Insider

Microsoft acquires another open-source company, Citus Data
24 January 2019, CNBC

provided by Google News

Pinecone serverless goes multicloud as vector database market heats up
27 August 2024, VentureBeat

Using the Pinecone vector database in .NET
12 September 2024, InfoWorld

Pinecone launches serverless vector database on Azure, GCP
27 August 2024, TechTarget

Pinecone launches its serverless vector database out of preview
21 May 2024, TechCrunch

Pinecone Makes Accurate, Fast, Scalable Generative AI Accessible to Organizations Large and Small with Launch of its Serverless Vector Database
21 May 2024, PR Newswire

provided by Google News

How TerminusDB is commercializing its open source graph database
16 March 2021, VentureBeat

[MCR2030-CAMS-ARISE-UNDRR Webinar] Preventing cascading failures of critical assets: Using the Open-Source Critical Asset Management System (CAMS) to help cities become disaster and climate resilient
12 April 2022, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction

Trinity College spinout TerminusDB secures €3.6m in investment
15 March 2021, The Irish Times

Bus Terminus Update – April 26th
26 April 2021, Around DB and Life on Lantau

provided by Google News

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