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DBMS > 4D vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLFully managed big data interactive analytics platformScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#316  Overall
#27  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.citusdata.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerterminusdb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.citusdata.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftDataChemist Ltd.
Initial release1984201020192018
Current releasev20, April 20238.1, December 2018cloud service with continuous releases11.0.0, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPL V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCProlog, Rust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxhostedLinux
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infostandard, with numerous extensionsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (WOQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
JavaScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
Triggersyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceGraph Partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Journaling Streams
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory journaling
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRole-based access control

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCitusMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist
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