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DBMS > 4D vs. Citus vs. H2 vs. LokiJS vs. ObjectBox

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Citus vs. H2 vs. LokiJS vs. ObjectBox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonObjectBox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.In-memory JavaScript DBMSLightweight, fast on-device database for IoT, Mobile and Embedded devices, persisting and synchronising objects and vectors
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeObject oriented DBMS
Vector DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSTime Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#260  Overall
#42  Document stores
Score1.29
Rank#166  Overall
#5  Object oriented DBMS
#7  Vector DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.citusdata.comwww.h2database.comgithub.com/­techfort/­LokiJSgithub.com/­objectbox
objectbox.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.citusdata.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmltechfort.github.io/­LokiJSdocs.objectbox.io
Developer4D, IncThomas MuellerObjectBox Limited
Initial release19842010200520142017
Current releasev20, April 20238.1, December 20182.2.220, July 20234.0 (May 2024)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open SourceBindings are released under Apache 2.0 infoApache License 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaJavaScriptC and C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VMserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)Android
Any POSIX system
Docker
iOS
Linux
macOS
QNX
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes, plus "flex" map-like types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infovia viewsyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesnono
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
JavaScript APIProprietary native API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaJavaScriptC
C++
Dart (Flutter)
Go
Java
Kotlin
Python
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsView functions in JavaScriptno
Triggersyesyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneData sync between devices allowing occasional connected databases to work completely offline
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno infoatomic operations within a single collection possibleACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyes
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCitusH2LokiJSObjectBox
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29 May 2024

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29 May 2024

Python on-device Vector and Object Database for Local AI
28 May 2024

Evolution of search: traditional vs vector search
23 May 2024

On-device Vector Database for Dart/Flutter
21 May 2024

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCitusH2LokiJSObjectBox
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Recent citations in the news

Ubicloud wants to build an open source alternative to AWS
5 March 2024, TechCrunch

Microsoft acquires Citus Data, re-affirming its commitment to Open Source and accelerating Azure PostgreSQL ...
24 January 2019, Microsoft

Ubicloud reels in $16M for its open-source cloud platform
5 March 2024, SiliconANGLE News

Distributed PostgreSQL Benchmarks: Azure Cosmos DB, CockroachDB, and YugabyteDB
8 July 2023, InfoQ.com

Microsoft Benchmarks Distributed PostgreSQL DBs
10 July 2023, Datanami

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LokiJS - A JavaScript Database
18 November 2014, iProgrammer

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ObjectBox Raises $2M in Funding
4 December 2018, FinSMEs

The Megashift Towards Decentralized Edge Computing
27 August 2021, hackernoon.com

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