DBMS > 4D vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. TerminusDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.21
Rank	#118	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	0.17
Rank	#325	Overall
	#29	Graph DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.citusdata.com

dgraph.io/docs

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

Developer

4D, Inc

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

DataChemist Ltd.

Initial release

1984

2010

2016

2018

Current release

v20, April 2023

8.1, December 2018

11.0.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

GPL V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Prolog, Rust

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

JavaScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

yes

Graph Partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Synchronous replication via Raft

Journaling Streams

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory journaling

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Planned for future releases

Role-based access control

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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Recent citations in the news

Ubicloud wants to build an open source alternative to AWS
5 March 2024, TechCrunch

How Citus Health Uses AWS to Provide Secure and Real-Time Virtual Patient Care - AWS Startups
18 August 2023, AWS Blog

Microsoft Benchmarks Distributed PostgreSQL DBs
10 July 2023, Datanami

Distributed PostgreSQL Benchmarks: Azure Cosmos DB, CockroachDB, and YugabyteDB
8 July 2023, InfoQ.com

Microsoft acquires Citus Data, re-affirming its commitment to Open Source and accelerating Azure PostgreSQL ...
24 January 2019, Microsoft

provided by Google News

Dgraph on AWS: Setting up a horizontally scalable graph database | Amazon Web Services
1 September 2020, AWS Blog

Dgraph launches Slash GraphQL, a GraphQL-native database Backend-as-a-Service
10 September 2020, TechCrunch

Dgraph Rises to the Top Graph Database on GitHub With 11 G2 Badges and 11M Downloads
26 May 2021, Business Wire

Dgraph Raises $6M in Seed Funding
20 July 2022, FinSMEs

provided by Google News

How TerminusDB is commercializing its open source graph database
16 March 2021, VentureBeat

TerminusDB Takes on Data Collaboration with a git-Like Approach
1 December 2020, The New Stack

Dublin-based data collaboration tool TerminusDB raises €3.6 million in seed round
15 March 2021, Tech.eu

Trinity College spinout TerminusDB secures €3.6m in investment
15 March 2021, The Irish Times

[MCR2030-CAMS-ARISE-UNDRR Webinar] Preventing cascading failures of critical assets: Using the Open-Source ...
12 April 2022, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction

provided by Google News

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