DBMS > 4D vs. BigchainDB vs. HugeGraph vs. Kingbase vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. BigchainDB vs. HugeGraph vs. Kingbase vs. SpaceTime

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

BigchainDB is scalable blockchain database offering decentralization, immutability and native assets

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.79
Rank	#212	Overall
	#36	Document stores

Score	0.13
Rank	#336	Overall
	#32	Graph DBMS

Score	0.45
Rank	#262	Overall
	#123	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.bigchaindb.com

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

www.kingbase.com.cn

www.mireo.com/spacetime

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

bigchaindb.readthedocs.io/en/latest

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Baidu

BeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.

Mireo

Initial release

1984

2016

2018

1999

2020

Current release

v20, April 2023

0.9

V8.0, August 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

AGPL v3

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Python

Java

C and Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

Linux
macOS
Unix

Linux
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

also supports composite index and range index

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

Standard with numerous extensions

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

CLI Client
RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Groovy
Java
Python

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python

C#
C++
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

Fixed-grid hypercubes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

yes

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

via hugegraph-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

edges in graph

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes,with MongoDB ord RethinkDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

Users, roles and permissions

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

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