DBMS > 4D vs. BigObject vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Memgraph vs. Postgres-XL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. BigObject vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Memgraph vs. Postgres-XL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Analytic DBMS for real-time computations and queries

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4j

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

a hierachical model (tree) can be imposed

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.19
Rank	#329	Overall
	#146	Relational DBMS

Score	2.84
Rank	#100	Overall
	#51	Relational DBMS

Score	3.19
Rank	#94	Overall
	#8	Graph DBMS

Score	0.53
Rank	#254	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

bigobject.io

cloud.google.com/spanner

memgraph.com

www.postgres-xl.org

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.bigobject.io

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

memgraph.com/docs

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

Social network pages

Developer

4D, Inc

BigObject, Inc.

Google

Memgraph Ltd

Initial release

1984

2015

2017

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

Current release

v20, April 2023

10 R1, October 2018

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free community edition available

commercial

Open Source

BSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition available

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

distributed as a docker-image
OS X

distributed as a docker-image (boot2docker)
Windows

distributed as a docker-image (boot2docker)

hosted

Linux

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and schema-optional

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

fluentd
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Lua

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

dynamic graph partitioning

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

Multi-source replication using RAFT

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

automatically between fact table and dimension tables

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

with snapshot isolation

ACID

MVCC

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Read/write lock on objects (tables, trees)

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Users, roles and permissions

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Memgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
» more

Competitive advantages

Business Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Graph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

You can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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