DBMS > 4D vs. BaseX vs. CockroachDB vs. openGemini vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. BaseX vs. CockroachDB vs. openGemini vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Light-weight Native XML DBMS with support for XQuery 3.0 and interactive GUI.

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

An open source distributed Time Series DBMS with high concurrency, high performance, and high scalability

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.73
Rank	#142	Overall
	#4	Native XML DBMS

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	0.01
Rank	#375	Overall
	#39	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

basex.org

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.opengemini.org
github.com/openGemini

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.basex.org

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

docs.opengemini.org/guide

Developer

4D, Inc

BaseX GmbH

Cockroach Labs

Huawei and openGemini community

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

2007

2015

2022

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

10.7, August 2023

23.1.1, May 2023

1.1, July 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD license

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

dynamic schema

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XQuery supports types

yes

Integer, Float, Boolean, String

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
RESTXQ
WebDAV
XML:DB
XQJ

JDBC

HTTP REST

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Actionscript
C
C#
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Lisp
Perl
PHP
Python
Qt
Rebol
Ruby
Scala
Visual Basic

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

via events

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

Multi-source replication using RAFT

yes

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

multiple readers, single writer

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Users with fine-grained authorization concept on 4 levels

Role-based access control

Administrators and common users accounts

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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