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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Ingres vs. QuestDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Ingres vs. QuestDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Kylin  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stackWell established RDBMSA high performance open source SQL database for time series dataA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#172  Overall
#79  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score2.52
Rank#109  Overall
#9  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comkylin.apache.orgwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresquestdb.iogithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comkylin.apache.org/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingresquestdb.io/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay IncActian CorporationQuestDB Technology Inc8Kdata
Initial release198420151974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20142016
Current releasev20, April 20233.1.0, July 202011.2, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaCJava (Zero-GC), C++, RustJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocolschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92ANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)yesSQL with time-series extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesno
Triggersyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyhorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)Sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationIngres ReplicatorSource-replica replication with eventual consistencySource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID for single-table writesno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache KylinIngresQuestDBToroDB
Specific characteristicsRelational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenariosFinancial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersBanks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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