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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. GraphDB vs. Ingres vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. GraphDB vs. Ingres vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Kylin  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stackEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Well established RDBMSA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#172  Overall
#79  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comkylin.apache.orgwww.ontotext.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comkylin.apache.org/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingres
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay IncOntotextActian Corporation8Kdata
Initial release1984201520001974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2016
Current releasev20, April 20233.1.0, July 202010.4, October 202311.2, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaCJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92ANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyeswell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityyes
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonehorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replicationIngres ReplicatorSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoConstraint checkingyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache KylinGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMIngresToroDB
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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