DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Datomic vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Datomic vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stack

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.20
Rank	#175	Overall
	#80	Relational DBMS

Score	1.76
Rank	#145	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

kylin.apache.org

www.datomic.com

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

kylin.apache.org/docs

docs.datomic.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay Inc

Cognitect

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

2015

2012

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.1.0, July 2020

1.0.6735, June 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Java, Clojure

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

ANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

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