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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Jena - TDB vs. Apache Kylin vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Jena - TDB vs. Apache Kylin vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Jena - TDB  Xexclude from comparisonApache Kylin  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA RDF storage and query DBMS, shipped as an optional-use component of the Apache Jena frameworkA distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stackA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRDF storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.75
Rank#84  Overall
#3  RDF stores
Score1.18
Rank#172  Overall
#79  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comjena.apache.org/­documentation/­tdb/­index.htmlkylin.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comjena.apache.org/­documentation/­tdb/­index.htmlkylin.apache.org/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infooriginally developed by HP LabsApache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay IncGoogle8Kdata
Initial release19842000201520172016
Current releasev20, April 20234.9.0, July 20233.1.0, July 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache License, Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinuxhostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyes infoRDF Schemasyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Fuseki infoREST-style SPARQL HTTP Interface
Jena RDF API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
JavaGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesno
Triggersyesyes infovia event handlernono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflow
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoTDB TransactionsACID infoStrict serializable isolationno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess control via Jena SecurityAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache Jena - TDBApache KylinGoogle Cloud SpannerToroDB
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