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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. H2 vs. RDFox vs. RRDtool

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. H2 vs. RDFox vs. RRDtool

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonRRDtool  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineIndustry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database. infoThe data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#300  Overall
#24  Graph DBMS
#13  RDF stores
Score1.90
Rank#132  Overall
#11  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgwww.h2database.comwww.oxfordsemantic.techoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.oxfordsemantic.techoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool/­doc
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationThomas MuellerOxford Semantic TechnologiesTobias Oetiker
Initial release19842018200520171999
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 20232.2.220, July 20236.0, Septermber 20221.8.0, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoGPL V2 and FLOSS
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++C infoImplementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)All OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS
Windows
HP-UX
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoRDF schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesNumeric data only
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono infoExporting into and restoring from XML files possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languageyesnono
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
in-process shared library
Pipes
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
JavaC
Java
C infowith librrd library
C# infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Java infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js) infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP infowith a wrapper library
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsno
Triggersyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)nonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasereplication via a shared file systemnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setupsnone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes infoby using the rrdcached daemon
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRoles, resources, and access typesno

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBH2RDFoxRRDtool
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