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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. GraphDB vs. H2 vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. GraphDB vs. H2 vs. RDFox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#300  Overall
#24  Graph DBMS
#13  RDF stores
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgwww.ontotext.comwww.h2database.comwww.oxfordsemantic.tech
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationOntotextThomas MuellerOxford Semantic Technologies
Initial release19842018200020052017
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 202310.4, October 20232.2.220, July 20236.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaJavaC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesyes infoRDF schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languagestored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaC
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyeswell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions
Triggersyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)nonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasMulti-source replicationWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasereplication via a shared file system
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoConstraint checkingyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRoles, resources, and access types
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMH2RDFox
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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