DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. EXASOL vs. H2 vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. EXASOL vs. H2 vs. RDFox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

High-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.13
Rank	#114	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.41
Rank	#151	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.62
Rank	#138	Overall
	#63	Relational DBMS

Score	7.10
Rank	#47	Overall
	#29	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#295	Overall
	#24	Graph DBMS
	#13	RDF stores

Website

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

www.exasol.com/resources

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Exasol

Thomas Mueller

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Initial release

1984

2018

2000

2005

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.1.0, April 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

6.0, Septermber 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
Native API

.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

Java
Lua
Python
R

Java

C
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

replication via a shared file system

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

yes

Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Roles, resources, and access types

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