DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. ClickHouse vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. ClickHouse vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. SpaceTime

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.

Cloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.18
Rank	#173	Overall
	#15	Time Series DBMS

Score	16.34
Rank	#38	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	7.85
Rank	#51	Overall
	#8	Document stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org

clickhouse.com

firebase.google.com/products/firestore

www.mireo.com/spacetime

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

clickhouse.com/docs

firebase.google.com/docs/firestore

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Clickhouse Inc.

Google

Mireo

Initial release

1984

2018

2016

2017

2020

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.1.0, April 2023

v24.4.1.2088-stable, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Database as a Service

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DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS

hosted

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
Native API

gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol

Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

3rd party library
C++
Elixir

3rd party library
Go

3rd party library
Java

3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party library
Kotlin

3rd party library
Nim

3rd party library
Perl

3rd party library
PHP

3rd party library
Python

3rd party library
R

3rd party library
Ruby

3rd party library
Rust
Scala

3rd party library

Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python

C#
C++
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

yes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functions

Triggers

yes

yes, with Cloud Functions

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

key based and custom

Sharding

Fixed-grid hypercubes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.

Multi-source replication

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

Using Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.

yes

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