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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Apache Kylin vs. GraphDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Apache Kylin vs. GraphDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonApache Kylin  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkA distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stackEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#172  Overall
#79  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgkylin.apache.orgwww.ontotext.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlkylin.apache.org/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentation
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationApache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay IncOntotext8Kdata
Initial release19842018201520002016
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 20233.1.0, July 202010.4, October 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaJavaJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)LinuxAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languageANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyeswell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility
Triggersyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)noneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparkyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoConstraint checkingno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Access rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBApache KylinGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMToroDB
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBApache KylinGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMToroDB
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