DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ToroDB vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ToroDB vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

A .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Graph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	20.56
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Score	0.05
Rank	#358	Overall
	#36	Graph DBMS
	#16	Object oriented DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

impala.apache.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

github.com/torodb/server

velocitydb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

velocitydb.com/UserGuide

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Microsoft

8Kdata

VelocityDB Inc

Initial release

1984

2013

2016

2011

Current release

v20, April 2023

4.1.0, June 2022

7.x

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Open Source

AGPL-V3

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

hosted

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Any that supports .NET

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

.Net

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
Java
PHP

.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

yes

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

yes

Access rights for users and roles

Based on Windows Authentication

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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