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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. Prometheus

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. Prometheus

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonPrometheus  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBOpen-source Time Series DBMS and monitoring system
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score8.42
Rank#47  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orghsqldb.orgprometheus.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlprometheus.io/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera
Initial release1984201320012015
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 20222.7.2, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaGo
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesNumeric data only
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono infoImport of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C++
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceJava, SQLno
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factornoneyes infoby Federation
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBPrometheus
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