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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. HyperSQL vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. HyperSQL vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchhsqldb.orgspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaElasticApache Software Foundation
Initial release19842013201020012014
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 20228.6, January 20232.7.2, June 20233.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaJavaScala
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languageyesSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesJava, SQLno
Triggersyesnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factoryesnonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceES-Hadoop Connectorno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoMemcached and Redis integrationyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaElasticsearchHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBSpark SQL
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