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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Dgraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Dgraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orgdgraph.iowww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldgraph.io/­docswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaDgraph Labs, Inc.ElasticApache Software Foundation
Initial release19842013201620102014
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 20228.6, January 20233.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++GoJavaScala
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoSQL-like query languageSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyesno
Triggersyesnonoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingyesShardingyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factorSynchronous replication via Raftyesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoES-Hadoop Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoMemcached and Redis integrationno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosno infoPlanned for future releasesno

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaDgraphElasticsearchSpark SQL
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