DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Infobright

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Infobright

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

High performant column-oriented DBMS for analytic workloads using MySQL or PostgreSQL as a frontend

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	2.15
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	1.02
Rank	#192	Overall
	#90	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

impala.apache.org

www.citusdata.com

ignitetech.com/softwarelibrary/infobrightdb

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.citusdata.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Ignite Technologies Inc.; formerly InfoBright Inc.

Initial release

1984

2013

2010

2005

Current release

v20, April 2023

4.1.0, June 2022

8.1, December 2018

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

commercial

The open source (GPLv2) version did not support inserts/updates/deletes and was discontinued with July 2016

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

Knowledge Grid Technology used instead

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

exploiting MySQL or PostgreSQL frontend capabilities

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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Recent citations in the news

Apache Impala becomes Top-Level Project
28 November 2017, SDTimes.com

Cloudera Bringing Impala to AWS Cloud
28 November 2017, Datanami

Apache Doris just 'graduated': Why care about this SQL data warehouse
24 June 2022, InfoWorld

Hudi: Uber Engineering’s Incremental Processing Framework on Apache Hadoop
12 March 2017, Uber

Updates & Upserts in Hadoop Ecosystem with Apache Kudu
27 October 2017, KDnuggets

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5 March 2024, TechCrunch

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Microsoft acquires Citus Data, re-affirming its commitment to Open Source and accelerating Azure PostgreSQL ...
24 January 2019, blogs.microsoft.com

Distributed PostgreSQL Benchmarks: Azure Cosmos DB, CockroachDB, and YugabyteDB
8 July 2023, InfoQ.com

Microsoft Benchmarks Distributed PostgreSQL DBs
10 July 2023, Datanami

provided by Google News

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